Abraham Maslow and Motivation free essay sample

Abraham Harold Maslow was conceived on April 1, 1908, in Brooklyn, New York. American clinician Abraham Maslow was an individual from the humanistic school of brain research. Maslow proposed a hypothesis of inspiration dependent on an order of necessities, recommending that an individual advancement from fulfilling fundamental needs, for example, those for food and sex to fulfilling the most serious requirement for what he called self-realization or the satisfaction of ones potential. Mallow accepted that self-completion must be accomplished once fundamental needs had been met.In 1954 American psychologist Abraham Maslow suggested that all individuals are propelled to satisfy a various leveled pyramid of requirements. At the base of Maslow’s pyramid are needs fundamental to endurance, for example, the requirements for food, water, and rest. The requirement for security follows these physiological needs. As per Maslow, more significant level needs become critical to us simply after our progressively essential needs are fulfilled. These higher needs incorporate the requirement for adoration and belongingness, the requirement for regard, and the requirement for self-completion (in Maslow’s hypothesis, a state where individuals understand their most prominent potential). We will compose a custom exposition test on Abraham Maslow and Motivation or then again any comparable theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page The foundation of Maslow’s position is his hypothesis of inspiration that he first presented in quite a while distributed in 1943 when Brooklyn College (1943a, 1943b). Maslow focused his hypothesis of inspiration on the chain of command of human needs. He battled that people have various necessities that are â€Å"instinctoid†, that is, intrinsic. The American clinician Abraham Maslow contrived a five level pecking order of intentions that, as per his hypothesis, decide human conduct. Maslow positions human needs as follows: (1) physiological necessities; (2) security needs; (3) belongingness and love needs; (4) regard needs; (5) self †actualization.Physiological needs, These are the requirements legitimately identified with endurance that we share with different creatures. These are fundamental needs, for example, food, water, sex, end and rest. Proposals needs are critical and must be fulfilled. In any case, as per Maslow, brain research has overemphasized the significance of such needs. Security needs, this is the subsequent human need in the chain of command. At the point when the physical needs are agreeably met, the security needs develop as prevailing thought processes. Included here are the requirements for structure, request, security and predictability.The individual working at this level is very Kellian, in that the essential objective is to decrease vulnerability in their life. These requirements are most plainly observed working in kids, who commonly show extraordinary dread when stood up to with erratic occasions. The fulfillment of the security needs guarantees people they are living in a sheltered domain liberated from risk, dread and disorder. For instance, security items, for example, caution frameworks, protection, for example, life affirmation and so on. Belongingness and love needs, the third bunch of necessities in the progression of needs.Included are the requirements for alliance with others and for the sentiment of being cherished. With the physiological and security needs basically fulfilled, the individual currently is driven by the requirement for connection. Remembered for these requirements are the requirements for companions and colleagues, a steady family, distinguishing proof with a gathering, and a personal connection. On the off chance that these necessities are not met, the individual will feel alone and void. Maslow accepted the inability to fulfill needs at this level is a significant issue in the United States and this clarifies why such a significant number of individuals are looking for psychotherapy and joining support groups.Esteem needs, the fourth bunch of necessities in the chain of importance of requirements. Included are the requirements for status, esteem, fitness and certainty. On the off chance that one is lucky enough to fulfill one’s physiological, wellbeing and belongingness and love needs, the requirement for regard will start to rule one’s life. This gathering of necessities require both acknowledgment from others that outcomes in sentiments of eminence, acknowledgment and status and confidence that bring about sentiments of sufficiency, skill, and certainty. The two kinds of emotions for the most part come about because of taking part in exercises viewed as socially useful.Lack of fulfillment of the regard needs bring about demoralization and sentiments of mediocrity. Self-realization, most elevated level in the chain of importance of necessities, which can be arrived at just if the first need levels have been satisfactorily fulfilled. The self-realization individual works at full limit and is spurred as opposed to demotivated. Henceforth, if all the lower needs have been sufficiently fulfilled, the individual is in a situation to get one of the uncommon individuals who encounters self-actualization.Maslow trusted that his work at portraying oneself realizing individual would in the long run lead to a â€Å"periodic tableà ¢â‚¬  of the sorts of characteristics, issues, and even arrangements normal for more significant levels of human potential. After some time, he gave expanding consideration, not to his own hypothesis, however to humanistic brain science and the human possibilities development. Maslows perspective on inspiration gives an intelligent structure to sorting needs, yet it doesn't gracefully a total picture. Inspiration emerges from the need that an individual posses.Hence, knowing how and for what reason to persuade workers is a significant administrative expertise as a result of its essentialness as a determinant of execution and its impalpable nature. Inspiration can be characterized as the arrangement of powers that cause individuals to pick certain practices from among the numerous choices open to them. The significances of inspiration for an association are: it places HR enthusiastically, improves level of productivity of representatives, prompts accomplishment of authoritative objectives and it prompts steadiness in the workforce.Motivation is significant as it places HR without hesitation, this is so in light of the fact that the more roused the workers are, the more they will be propelled hope for just as enable different workers who require physical, money related and HR to achieve the objectives. Subsequently, it is through inspiration that the HR to achieve the objectives. This can be accomplished by building readiness in representatives to work for instance reward representatives by giving employees’ fiscal and non â€monetary motivating forces and advancement opportunities.This will help the association in making sure about their laborers who effectively use the assets. Subsequently, individuals need to add to authoritative adequacy and can make certifiable commitments. The associations duty is to make a workplace that utilizes accessible HR. Inspiration is additionally significant as it improves the degree of productivity, a workers exertion to execution anticipation is the people view of the likelihood that exertion will prompt high performance.This hope ranges from zero to one, with 1 being a solid conviction that exertion will prompt superior. The representatives will be versatile to changes and there will be no protection from changes, this will bring about benefit most extreme through expanded profitability. Another significance of inspiration is that it prompts accomplishment of hierarchical objectives; this methodology recommends that directors and subordinates should set objectives for the person all the time and that prizes ought to be attached to the achievement of goals.Research support for objective setting hypothesis is more reliably positive than some other single way to deal with representative inspiration. The objectives of an association can be accomplished by use of assets, co-corporative condition which brings strength, workers are objective coordinated, and objectives can be accomplished if co-appointment happens all the while which can be adequately done through inspiration.

School Lunches Essay -- Social Issues, Childhood Obesity

School Lunches â€Å"More than 33% of the area's youngsters are overweight or obese.†(Gustin, 1). As stunning as this may be, it's actual. One of the main reasons that kids and adolescents are overweight is a direct result of the nourishments that they eat. They are taken care of these stuffing and undesirable nourishments by the educational system. Their prospects can be changed on the off chance that we change our decisions. Having increasingly nutritious snacks can positively affect the soundness of American adolescents. â€Å"More than 76 percent of schools sell soda pops and improved natural product drinks, yet less than half offered bottles water. Less than 15 percent sell low-fat or nonfat yogurt, and less than 33% request skim milk. Just 25 percent of schools state they've diminished fats and oils in recipes.†(Spake, 2). Decisions at lunch run from oily to unidentifiable. Most understudies eat school snacks five days per week. So the vast majority of the food they eat during the time originates from the school cafeteria. Despite the fact that, the schools do will in general offer solid decisions, for example, plates of mixed greens, subs, skim milk, and boundless foods grown from the ground. â€Å"Each week Phoenix understudies are served an assortment of leafy foods from guava to grapes and jicima to red peppers. School authorities trust that by presenting kids to foods grown from the ground they may build up a preference for them and solicitation their folks to purchase them.†(Ba iley, 1). Genuine meat is turning into an issue in schools. â€Å"According to reports gave by the Physicians Committee for capable Medicine (PCRM) the USDA dumps a huge number of pounds of surplus meat, chicken, cheddar, and pork on the National School lunch Program.†(Lord, 42). Chicken isn't entire white meat; some of it doesn't have an aftertaste like meat! Let’s proceed onward to unfortunate nourishments. There are boundless measures of un... ...ars of school. When children eat their snacks they typically need to go around and utilize a portion of that vitality from the food so they can gather better in class. It is likewise something worth being thankful for to require on the grounds that school rec center is the main exercise most youngsters and kids get for the duration of the day. It helps cut the developing pace of diabetes and weight. Sports are additionally a decent method to remain dynamic and sound. Not exclusively are you continually moving and getting huge amounts of activity, however sports groups ordinarily offer a decent sound nibble after games, for example, nutty spread saltines and juice boxes or nourishment bars and filtered water. Everything has an enormous effect in the improvement of youngsters and teenagers. In the event that we find a way to transform, we can undoubtedly divert the lives of kids and teenagers wellbeing. Having progressively nutritious snacks can positively affect the wellbeing of Am erican adolescents.

Potential Side Effects and Risks of Tegretol

Potential Side Effects and Risks of Tegretol Bipolar Disorder Treatment Medications Print Potential Side Effects and Risks of Tegretol By Marcia Purse Marcia Purse is a mental health writer and bipolar disorder advocate who brings strong research skills and personal experiences to her writing. Learn about our editorial policy Marcia Purse Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Daniel B. Block, MD on January 23, 2020 twitter linkedin Daniel B. Block, MD, is an award-winning, board-certified psychiatrist who operates a private practice in Pennsylvania. Learn about our Medical Review Board Daniel B. Block, MD Updated on February 04, 2020 Jose Luis Pelaez Inc / Getty Images More in Bipolar Disorder Treatment Medications Symptoms Diagnosis Tegretol, generic name carbamazepine, is an anticonvulsant that is sometimes prescribed as a mood stabilizer in bipolar disorder. In addition to seizures and bipolar disorder, its also prescribed for pain relief in trigeminal neuralgia. Most Common Tegretol Side Effects The most common side effects that occur while taking Tegretol, especially when a person initiates it, are dizziness, drowsiness, unsteadiness, nausea, and vomiting.?? Talk with your doctor if these side effects are persistent or bothersome. Also, if you experience drowsiness, its important to discuss driving with your doctor or other activities that could be dangerous if you are not fully alert. Potential for Severe Skin Rash One rare side effect of Tegretol is a serious and potentially fatal skin reaction called Stevens-Johnson syndrome and/or toxic epidermal necrolysis.?? This serious skin rash  usually occurs within the first few months of taking Tegretol. People of Asian ancestry who carry a certain gene called the HLA-B*1502 allele may be at an increased risk for developing this skin rash.?? This is why before taking Tegretol, certain patients (those with ancestry in populations where the gene may be present) will need to undergo a screening genetic blood test. That being said, an absence of the gene doesnt mean a person cannot develop a serious rash. Likewise, having the gene doesnt mean a person will absolutely develop a severe rash. This is why its critical a person on Tegretol to  follow-up frequently with their doctor for periodic skin checks. Potential for Bone Marrow Problems Another two potential rare but serious side effects of Tegretol are aplastic anemia and agranulocytosis.?? These reactions involve depression of a persons bone marrow, which is where infection-fighting cells (white blood cells), blood-making cells (red blood cells) and blood-clotting cells (platelets) are produced. Some signs of bone marrow depression to watch out include easy bruising, swollen lymph nodes, or the presence of tiny red dots (petechiae) on your bodyâ€"a sign that you are bleeding into your skin.  To monitor for bone marrow problems, your doctor will check your blood cell counts before and during treatment with Tegretol. Other Health Concerns Liver dysfunction may also occur on Tegretol?? so a blood test of your liver function will be drawn prior to starting Tegretol and at regular intervals. Signs of liver dysfunction that a person on Tegretol should watch out for include yellowing of the skin, nausea or vomiting, or a loss of appetite. Kidney problems can also occur with Tegretol. So like your liver, your urine and a kidney blood test will be checked. Heart problems, especially heart block, is another potential severe reaction??â€"its important to tell your doctor if you have ever had an abnormal electrocardiogram (ECG). Finally, eye changes may occur with Tegretol, so an eye exam is warranted before starting Tegretol and periodically when on it. Like other anticonvulsants, Tegretol may increase a persons risk of suicidal thinking and behavior. Be sure to seek emergent medical attention if you or a loved ones mood or behavior is changing and concerning while on Tegretol. What to Tell Your Doctor Be sure and tell your doctor all of your medical problems, as some may mean that you cannot take Tegretol or need to be monitored more closely while taking it. In addition, its important to provide your doctor with a list of all your medicationsâ€"this includes prescriptions, over-the-counter medications, herbals, vitamins, and any supplements. Some may interact with Tegretol and require that your Tegretol dose is decreased or increased. Its also wise to inform your doctor if you drink alcohol  and be candid about the amount and frequency. You will need to be more careful about alcohol intake while taking Tegretol and may need to cut down. Bottom Line In addition to seizures and trigeminal neuralgia, Tegretol is sometimes prescribed for people who are bipolar, either alone or in combination with other medications. While there are some risks and side effects to watch out for when taking Tegretol, the good news is that studies show this medication to be effective and generally well-tolerated in people with bipolar disorder.?? So if you are prescribed Tegretol, you are already doing the right thing by being informed. Remain an advocate for your health safety.??? Understanding Your Bipolar Treatment Plan

Gender Gap - 1785 Words

Gender Wage Gap Awareness Tell a story here for context and interest We have all heard about the gender wage gap on the news or in the current debates, but why is it any concern to you? I understand that this issue might not apply to a college student; however, you need to be aware of this issue since it could affect your major and future profession. Surprisingly, this issue even applies to males. Some argue that women are facing a wage gap because they choose more flexible professions, lack negotiation skills, and produce less as many hours as men mostly because they are assumed to devote more time to children. I disagree, because women should have the right to earn same amount of money as a man regardless of their personality,†¦show more content†¦Childfree women are also being offered more career promotions than women with children. The pay gap might also increase with age because women hit the infamous â€Å"glass ceiling† at the top of their professions. The â€Å"glass ceiling† is the highest level they can obtain in the ir careers’. In supporting my statement, many women hit the â€Å"maternal wall† of discrimination before they ever reach the â€Å"glass ceiling.† Sarah Glazer provides a perfect example, â€Å"A civil engineer in Pennsylvania was awarded $3 million in a lawsuit because she was passed over a promotion after the birth of her son. She testified that the president of the company asked her if she wanted a career here of if she wanted to have babies† (Glazer 36). The president of this particular company obviously came to the assumption that her level of production in her chosen profession would decrease due to raising her child. The woman in Pennsylvania is just one example of discrimination that is happening currently nation wide. My argument is that women should not be put into the situation to choose between advancements in their careers’ or children. Women constitute natural personal choices, which causes them to earn less in comparison to men with the same skill and experience. This lower salary wage is not only affecting this now, but it is also affecting their future finances. TheShow MoreRelatedGender Gap2092 Words   |  9 Pages31 October 2013 The Gender Gap in the Business World Throughout history, gender inequality has shown to be an issue across the globe, especially in the workplace. Men have always had a greater and more powerful presence in careers of all kinds. Today, in the sports marketing industry, this proves to be true as women constantly battle to make advances within their companies and outshine their male colleagues. The purpose of this paper is to explore the issue of the â€Å"gender gap† in the business worldRead MoreThe Gap Of Gender Income Gap886 Words   |  4 Pagesmany people are now bringing up a pay gap between genders, there is something being over looked that proves there isn’t a pay gap, but something else. The Gender Income Gap is a supposed payment gap between men and women, stating that to every man’s dollar a woman only gets payed seventy cents. Statements like theses can grab people’s attention and get them to believe this without much proof of it actually existing. Most people get there informatio n about the gap from surveys over all women and menRead MoreGender And Gender Pay Gap1173 Words   |  5 Pages Gender pay gaps have been a hot topic over the last several years. In my findings, I found three articles that stood out the most to me, as well as some statistical information. Gender pay gap is an interesting subject because it happens all across the United States, as well as in other countries worldwide. This pay gap can affect women of all ages, race, religion and educational levels. What is gender pay gap? The gender pay gap is defined as the difference between women and men’s full time averageRead MoreGender And Gender Leadership Gap1798 Words   |  8 PagesGender Leadership Gap Catalyst (2012) indicated that corporate world data showed that women represented only 4% of chief executive officer positions within Fortune 500 companies; similarly, DeFrank-Cole et al. (2013) advised that the lack of progress for women is dumbfounding considering that for the last 25 years; women’s entrance into professional and managerial careers has been on par with their male colleagues. Relatedly, Barsh (2012) identified a disparity of gender representation in seniorRead MoreGender Gap In Pay1574 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Gender Pay Gap also referred to as Gender wage gap, gender income difference or male-female income difference refers to the difference between the earning of men and women (Victoria, 2006). The European Union defines the Gender Pay gap as the difference between men and women’s hourly earnings (OECD, 2012). The difference may be measured on hourly, weekly, monthly, or yearly earning. The difference is expressed as a percentage of the men’s earning. However, the difference varies fromRead MoreGender Wage Gap And Gender Inequality Essay912 Words   |  4 Pagespay† by Lanier Isom is about the gender wage gap. The gender wage gap is the difference between male and female earnings. Isom basically states in this article that the wage gap exists because of gender, however many experts state that the wage gap simple does exists do to a factor such as gender, but of multiple factors. These factors being that the statistics presented in favor of a Wage gap are incorrect an d manipulated to seem correct. That the so called wage gap may be in fact do to the choiceRead MoreGender Wage Gap And Gender Inequality855 Words   |  4 Pages In general, the wage gap has narrowed at a slow, and uneven, pace over last three decades. Recent data shows that women in the American workforce earn 77 cents for every dollar a man earns (Trevino). The existence of this â€Å"gender wage gap† has been an issue since women entered the workforce. The ongoing issue of the past has now become an apparent problem in our modern-day, progressive society. Women nowadays have opportunities that were not obtainable in past decades but must overcome, or ignoreRead MoreGender Income Gap2396 Words   |  10 Pagesï » ¿ Gender Income Gap Diane Smith ENG 122 English Composition II Instructor Stephanie Derisi August 30, 2014 Gender Income Gap In American society today there is an imbalance in the gender income gap between men and women in the work force. Many factors such as discrimination, productivity, educational background and disproportional hours worked contribute to this ongoing challenge. While many are skeptical, others remain to have strong beliefs that women and men are treated equallyRead MoreGender Inequality And Gender Pay Gap1543 Words   |  7 Pagesthe gender pay gap in the UK. These theories are taste discrimination, statistical discrimination, human capital and occupational segregation. Other research and data are included in this essay as evidence to support the different theories. The four theories covered in this essay all provide some explanation for the gender pay gap in the UK, some more than others – statistical discrimination theory having the highest explanatory power for the magnitude of this pay gap. The gender pay gap can beRead MoreIs The Gender Pay Gap?1880 Words   |  8 Pagesthe gender pay gap. Most people who use this phrase in casual conversation do not really know what this entails. It is much more than men earning more than women. The significance of this pay discrepancy becomes much more apparent when looking at the bigger picture. Over an entire lifetime of working, a woman making only 77 cents to the male dollar loses a total of $1.2 million dollars over the course of her working life (Murphy Graff, 2005). A risk of poverty for women living with a pay gap is

How to Use the French Expression Être en Train de

The French expression à ªtre en train de (pronounced  eh tra(n) treh(n) deu)  means to be in the process of or to be doing. This little phrase when combined with an infinitive is the equivalent of the English  present progressive, which French lacks. Like Present Progressive Normally, one would use the simple present in French (je parle) to express both the English simple present (I speak) and the present progressive (I am speaking). When you want to insist on the ongoing, continuous nature of a current action in French, use the expression à ªtre en train de with an infinitive denoting the action. For example:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Je suis en train de parler.   I am (in the process of) speaking (right now). The French equivalent of the English past progressive (I was speaking) is the imperfect: je parlais. But if you need to stress the fact that the action was continuing, use à ªtre en train de.  For example:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Jà ©tais en train dà ©crire ma thà ¨se quand le tremblement de terre a frappà ©.   I was (in the middle of) writing my thesis when the earthquake struck. Synonyms The expression  Ãƒ ªtre en cours de has a similar meaning, but it is passive and usually followed by a noun: La maison est en cours damà ©nagement the house is being renovated. While the French present participle -ant cant be used to mean that one is doing something, it is equivalent to -ing in English when used as a noun or adjective. Expressions and Use Il est en train de manger. He's eating. se voir en train de faire quelque chose to picture someone doing something surprendre quelqu'un en train de fairequelque chose to catch someone doing something se voir en train de faire quelque chose to see someone doing something Il est en train de la draguer. He's trying to pick her up. L'eau est en train de chauffer. The kettle's on. / The water's heating. en train de faire quelque chose à ªtre en train de changer à ªtre en train de faire quelquechose in the act of doing somethingto be undergoing changeto be in the middle of doing something Additional Resources   Expressions with  Ãƒ ªtreExpressions with  enExpressions with  deMost common French phrases

Clients With Osteoporosis Questionnaire Health And Social Care Essay Free Essays

Analysis of informations is a procedure of inspecting, cleansing, transforming, and patterning informations with the end of foregrounding utile information, proposing decisions, and back uping determination devising. This chapter deals with the analysis and reading of informations collected from 30 samples on clients with Osteoporosis at Melmaruvathur Adhiparasakthi Institute of Medical Science and Research. This survey was done with questionnaire, structured evaluation graduated table and experimental checklist. We will write a custom essay sample on Clients With Osteoporosis Questionnaire Health And Social Care Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Data analysis was done by utilizing descriptive and illative statistical process. The points were scored after appraisal and rating and the consequences were tabulated. The statistical methods used for analysis were average, standard divergence, gestural trial and correlativity. Description OF THE TOOLS Detailss of the tools in this survey are as follows ; PART- I Demographic variables Demographic variables include age, gender, educational position, business, household monthly income, matrimonial position, faith, household history of co- morbid disease, diet and bad wonts. PART- II Structured Rating Scale Structured evaluation graduated table of Index of Severity of Osteoporosis by Lequesne appraisal tool was used to place the betterment in the wellness position of clients with Osteoporosis. PART- III It includes Experimental Checklist of nursing intercessions for client with Osteoporosis. REPORT OF THE PILOT STUDY The pilot survey was conducted on July of 2010 to happen out the effectivity of nursing attention on clients with Osteoporosis in Melmaruvathur Adhiparasakthi Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Melmaruvathur, Kanchipuram District for a period of two hebdomads. A Index of Severity of Osteoporosis by Lequesne and was used by the research worker and used to happen out the dependability, cogency which was evaluated by the experts of the research commission. A convenient sampling technique was used to choose three samples by agencies of structured evaluation graduated table to measure the wellness position of clients with Osteoporosis. The nursing attention was provided as per the tool and wellness position was evaluated, eventually the research was analysed based on the mark. Therefore the nursing attention was extremely effectual on clients with Osteoporosis. Cogency The tool was prepared by the research worker under the counsel of experts and on the footing of aims, which were assessed and evaluated, accepted by the experts of research commission. Content cogency of this instrument was obtained from nursing experts. Dependability The dependability was checked by an interater method. The dependability was 0.80 by utilizing Cronbach A ; acirc ; ˆâ„ ¢s expression. After the nursing attention was provided, gestural trial was used and found that nursing intercessions was effectual. INFORMED CONSENT The research worker obtained written consent from the Managing Director, Melmaruvathur Adhiparasakthi Institute of Medical Sciences and Research and from the Principal of Adhiparasakthi College of Nursing, Melmaruvathur. Oral consent was taken from the survey participant to carry on the survey. The information aggregation was done for six hebdomads by utilizing interview and experimental method. DATA COLLECTION PROCEDURE The informations were collected from the Osteoporosis clients who were admitted in Melmaruvathur Adhiparasakthi Institute of Medical Sciences and Research in Orthopaedic ward for the six hebdomads of survey period. A good resonance was maintained with the clients in order to derive the co- operation of the clients throughout the survey. After roll uping demographic informations, appraisal was done with the aid of standardised evaluation graduated table. The nursing attention was given utilizing a experimental checklist. On the twenty-four hours of discharge the client A ; acirc ; ˆâ„ ¢s wellness position was evaluated with the aid of same structured evaluation graduated table. SCORE INTERPRETATION The mark was interpretated as follows ; Mark reading = Obtained score ten 100 Entire mark SCORE DESCRIPTION Description Percentage Healthy Mild wellness impairment Moderate wellness impairment Severe wellness impairment Less than 25 % 25- 50 % 50- 75 % More than 75 % STATISTICAL METHOD S.No. DATA ANALYSIS Method Remark 1 Descriptive statistics Frequency per centum, Mean, Standard divergence To depict the demographic variables. 2 Inferential statistics 1.Sign trial 2.Correlation Analyzing the effectivity between pre appraisal and station rating of wellness position of the clients with Osteoporosis. Correlation between selected demographic variables and rating of wellness position of clients with Osteoporosis. Data analysis and reading were done under following headers. Section- A: Distribution of selected demographic variables of clients with Osteoporosis. Section- B: Frequency and per centum distribution of wellness position of clients with Osteoporosis. Section- C: Comparison of mean and standard divergence of appraisal and rating mark of effectivity of nursing attention on clients with Osteoporosis. Section- D: Mean and standard divergence of betterment mark for clients with Osteoporosis SECTION- Tocopherol: Correlation between selected demographic variables and effectivity of nursing attention on clients with Osteoporosis. SECTION- A Table 4.1: Distribution of selected demographic variables of clients with Osteoporosis N= 30 S.No. DEMOGRAPHIC VARIABLES Frequency Percentage 1 Age ( In old ages ) 18- 32 33- 45 46- 58 A ; gt ; 58 0 7 16 7 0 23.3 53.3 23.3 2 Gender Male Female 5 25 16.7 83.3 3 Education Status Illiterate Primary school Higher Secondary Graduate/ College 12 10 4 4 40 33.3 13.3 13.3 4 Occupation Employed Unemployed Retired Others 17 6 7 0 56.7 20.0 23.3 0 5 Family A ; acirc ; ˆâ„ ¢s monthly Income ( in Rs. ) Up to 2000 2001- 4000 4001- 6000 Above 6001 7 11 6 6 23.3 36.7 20 20 6 Marital Status Married Unmarried Widow/ Widower Divorced 21 0 9 0 70 0 30 0 7 Religion Hindoo Christian Moslem Others 10 5 15 0 33.3 16.7 50.0 0 8 History of any co- morbid disease Osteoporosis Other Orthopaedic Problems None Both 15 5 9 1 50.0 16.7 30.0 3.3 9 Diet Vegetarian Non- Vegetarian 15 15 50 50 10 Bad Habits Alcohol Smoking Both None 3 2 4 21 10 6.7 13.3 70 Table 4.1 implies the distribution of respondents harmonizing to certain demographic factors such as age, gender, educational position, business, household monthly income, matrimonial position, faith, household history of carbon monoxide ; morbid disease, diet and bad wonts. Out of 30 clients 7 ( 23.3 per centum ) clients were in the age group 33- 45 old ages, 16 ( 53.3 per centum ) clients were in the age group of 46- 58 old ages, 7 ( 23.3 per centum ) clients were in the age group of above 58 old ages. Most of the clients, 16 ( 53.3 per centum ) were in the age group of 46- 58 old ages. Sing gender 5 ( 16.7 per centum ) of clients are male and 25 ( 83.3 per centum ) of clients are female. Majority of clients, 25 ( 83.3 per centum ) were females. Out of 30 clients 12 ( 40 per centum ) clients are illiterate, 10 ( 33.3 per centum ) clients completed primary school, 4 ( 13.3 per centum ) clients completed high school, and 4 ( 13.3 per centum ) clients are graduate / college. Most of the clients, 12 ( 40 per centum ) are illiterate. Sing business 17 ( 56.7 per centum ) of clients are employed and 6 ( 20 per centum ) of clients are unemployed and 7 ( 23.3 per centum ) are retired. Majority of clients, 17 ( 56.7 per centum ) are illiterate. In instance of household monthly income up to Rs. 2000/- was drawn by 7 ( 23.3 per centum ) clients, 11 ( 36.7 per centum ) had monthly income of Rs. 2001/- to Rs. 4000/- , 6 ( 20 per centum ) were in the income group of Rs. 4001/- to Rs. 6000/- and 6 ( 20 per centum ) clients had a monthly income of above Rs. 6000/- . Most of the clients, 11 ( 36.7 per centum ) had monthly income of Rs. 2001/- to Rs. 4000/- While analyzing the matrimonial position of clients 21 ( 70 per centum ) are married and 9 ( 30 per centum ) were widower/ widow. Most of the clients 21 ( 70 per centum ) are married. 10 ( 33.3 per centum ) of clients are Hindu were as 5 ( 16.7 per centum ) of clients are Christian and 15 ( 50 per centum ) are Muslim. Majority 15 ( 50 per centum ) of clients are Muslim. Out of 30 clients 15 ( 50 per centum ) clients are with co- household history of Osteoporosis, 5 ( 16.7 per centum ) clients are with household history of other orthopedic jobs, 9 ( 30 per centum ) clients are with no co- morbid disease and 1 ( 3.3 per centum ) is with both household history of Osteoporosis every bit good as other orthopedic jobs, Most of the clients, 15 ( 50 per centum ) clients are with household history of Osteoporosis. Sing diet 15 ( 50 per centum ) of clients are vegetarian and 15 ( 50 per centum ) of clients are non- vegetarian. While analyzing the bad wonts 3 ( 10 per centum ) of clients are holding the wont of devouring intoxicant and 2 ( 6.7 per centum ) are of clients with the wont of smoke, 4 ( 13.3 per centum ) are with both the wonts. 21 ( 70 per centum ) of clients do non hold any bad wonts. Majority of clients, 12 ( 70 per centum ) do non hold any bad wonts. SECTION- B Table 4.2: Frequency and per centum distribution of wellness position of clients with Osteoporosis N= 30. S.No Health STATUS Appraisal Evaluation Number Percentage Number Percentage 1 Healthy 0 0 5 16.7 2 Mild wellness impairment 6 20 24 70 3 Moderate wellness impairment 22 73.3 1 3.3 4 Severe wellness impairment 2 6.7 0 0 Table 4.2 shows that at the clip of immediate station operative period wellness position of clients were assessed, out of 30 clients 2 ( 6.7 per centum ) were in terrible wellness impairment, 22 ( 73.3 per centum ) were in moderate wellness impairment and 6 ( 20 per centum ) are in mild wellness impairment. At the clip of discharge the wellness position of clients were evaluated, out of 30 clients 5 ( 16.7 ) were healthy, 24 ( 70 per centum ) are in mild wellness impairment, merely 1 ( 3.3 per centum ) are in moderate wellness impairment and 5 ( 16.7 per centum ) were healthy. Section- C Table 4.3: Comparison of mean and standard divergence of appraisal and rating mark of clients with Osteoporosis N= 30. S.No. Health STATUS Mean Standard Deviation CONFIDENCE INTERVAL 1 Appraisal 30.8 3.06 31.28- 28.2 2 Evaluation 16.96 3.94 17.96- 14.44 Table 4.3 indicates assessment average value 30.8 with standard divergence of 3.06 and rating mean value 16.96 with standard divergence of 3.94. SECTION- D Table 4.4 Mean and standard divergence of betterment mark for clients with Osteoporosis N= 30. S.No. Health STATUS Mean Standard DEVIATION Second Value K Value 1 Improvement mark 13.83 3.64 2 5.38 **p A ; lt ; 0.05 degree of significance Table 4.4 shows that betterment score average with 13.83 and standard divergence of 3.64. The K value is 2 and S value is 5.38. Since the deliberate value is greater than table value, it implies that there was statistically extremely important betterment in wellness position of clients with Osteoporosis after the post- operative nursing attention at 0.05 degree of significance. Thus the nursing attention on clients with Osteoporosis was effectual. Section- E Table 4.5: Correlation between the selected demographic variables with the effectivity of nursing attention of clients with Osteoporosis. S.No. DEMOGRAPHIC VARIABLES Appraisal Evaluation R Severe wellness impairment Moderate wellness impairment Moderate wellness impairment Mild wellness impairment No. % No % No % No % 1 Age ( In old ages ) 18- 32 33- 45 46- 58 A ; gt ; 58 0 1 0 1 0 3.3 0 3.3 0 6 10 6 0 20 3.3 20 0 1 0 0 0 3.3 0 0 0 6 16 7 0 20 53.3 23.3 -0.3 2 Gender Male Female 0 2 0 6.7 3 19 10 63.3 0 1 0 3.3 5 24 16.7 80 -0.8 3 Education Status Illiterate Primary school Higher Secondary Graduate/ College 1 0 0 1 3.3 0 0 3.3 9 6 4 3 30 20 13.3 10 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 3.3 12 10 4 3 40 33.3 13.3 10 0.4* 4 Occupation Employed Un- employed Retired Others 4 2 0 0 13.3 6.7 0 0 12 4 6 0 40 13.3 20 0 1 0 0 0 3.3 0 0 0 16 6 7 0 53.3 20 23.3 0 -0.1 5 Family A ; acirc ; ˆâ„ ¢s monthly Income ( in Rs. ) Up to 2000 2001- 4000 4001- 6000 6001- 8000 0 1 0 1 0 3.3 0 3.3 5 8 4 5 16.7 26.7 13.3 16.7 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 3.3 7 11 6 5 23.3 36.7 20 16.7 0.3 6 Marital Status Married Unmarried Widow/ Widower Divorced 1 0 1 0 3.3 0 3.3 0 16 0 6 0 53.3 0 20 0 1 0 0 0 3.3 0 0 0 20 0 9 0 66.7 0 30 0 -0.1 7 Religion Hindoo Christian Moslem Others 1 1 0 0 3.3 3.3 0 0 6 3 13 0 20 10 43.3 0 1 0 0 0 3.3 0 0 0 9 5 15 0 30 16.7 50 0 -0.2 8 Family history of any co- morbid disease Osteoporosis Other orthopedic jobs None Both 2 0 0 0 6.7 0 0 0 10 5 7 0 33.3 16.7 23.3 0 0 1 0 0 0 3.3 0 0 14 5 9 1 46.7 16.7 30 3.3 -0.2 9 Diet Vegetarian Non- vegetarian 1 1 3.3 3.3 11 11 36.7 36.7 14 15 46.7 50 1 0 3.3 0 -0.2 10 Bad wonts Alcohol Smoking Both None 0 1 0 1 0 3.3 0 3.3 1 1 1 19 3.3 3.3 3.3 63.3 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 3 2 4 20 30 6.7 13.3 16.7 0.1 **p A ; lt ; 0.05 degree of significance Table 4.5 indicates that there was statistically no important correlativity between selected demographic variables like age, gender, business, household monthly income, matrimonial position and faith, household history of co- morbid disease, diet and bad wonts. There is important correlativity in educational position. How to cite Clients With Osteoporosis Questionnaire Health And Social Care Essay, Essay examples

The Downfall Of Lady Macbeth Essay Example For Students

The Downfall Of Lady Macbeth Essay What do you think brought about the downfall of Lady Macbeth?There were several aspects of Shakespeares novel Macbeth that led to the downfall of Lady Macbeth. The mentality of Lady Macbeth in the play changes dramatically from the wife a Noble General, to an evil aggressive murderer (brought upon by the witches predictions), and finally a woman who had de-graded to such an extent that she took her own life. We are not told an awful amount about Lady Macbeth at the start of the play prior to her letter from Macbeth about the witches prophecies I. iv, but I thought that Lady Macbeth seemed: as good of a wife as any noblemans or officers. We see how a vigorous Lady Macbeth; initially in association with the witches predictions, at-tempts to mirror their disturbance of gender in psychological terms by desiring to unsex herself in order to carry out such a powerful action murder, otherwise, being impossible for a woman to carry out (no offence or sexism is intended when I state this).Lady Macbeth continues to be a frightening and vicious figure as she becomes full of evil thoughts. This is evident by the context in which she states that she would sacrifice the life of her own infant, if it were her wish or order to do so: Have plucked my nipple from his boneless gums And dashed the brains out, had I so sworn As you have done this I. We will write a custom essay on The Downfall Of Lady Macbeth specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now vii.57-59. So enraged and overpowered by evil, that her purity and innocence (which is part of a woman) had all but depleted, and consequently she also lost her will to control herself and her sanity (sanity-later on in the deterioration of Lady Macbeths character). She came to a point where evil pushed her to certain lengths such as committing the heinous act of regicide; killing her loyal and innocent king, king Duncan. At one stage I believed that it was as if she was given the supernatural strength of a warrior or a Knight to commit such an act. Her feminisms had all but been ripped out, being replaced with a heart of stone. She could only have acquired such forces when she wished for them via evil forces: Come, you Spirits That tend on mortal thoughts, unsex me here, And fill me, from the crown (crown-she already pic-tures herself with a crown alofted on her royal head, crown also means head) to the toe, topfull Of direst cruelty! make thick my blood, Stop up thaccess and passage to remorse; That no compunctions visitings of Nature Shake my fell purpose, nor keep peace between Theffect and it! Come to my womans breasts, And take my milk for gall, you murthring ministers being able to give birth and have a child is the greatest act of feminism, and to ask to have her breasts emptied of their milk, is to suggest that she wants to be a man. I. v.40-8The constant panic, or what we would associate to as stress, and also the regret from what un-folded after the death of Duncan, hit Lady Macbeths conscience. Blood brought more and more blood to hold their (Lady Macbeths and Macbeths) position as successors of the King and Queen of Scotland. As if she were in a hypnotic haze during the atrocities and carnage (in which she was the commander of), then to have a hand click its fingers together to awaken her. Towards the end of the play, we see how a sea of guilt awoke Lady Macbeth from her trans. The assassination of King Duncan, a noble man, whose trust in the people around him was unsurpassable. Duncan believed that the people he trusted most: (trusted with his kingdom, his life and his throne) thought like himself, noble and kind, but never evil. His judgment was a false one. .u5aabf387483c801c394c1db4e9d85777 , .u5aabf387483c801c394c1db4e9d85777 .postImageUrl , .u5aabf387483c801c394c1db4e9d85777 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u5aabf387483c801c394c1db4e9d85777 , .u5aabf387483c801c394c1db4e9d85777:hover , .u5aabf387483c801c394c1db4e9d85777:visited , .u5aabf387483c801c394c1db4e9d85777:active { border:0!important; } .u5aabf387483c801c394c1db4e9d85777 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u5aabf387483c801c394c1db4e9d85777 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u5aabf387483c801c394c1db4e9d85777:active , .u5aabf387483c801c394c1db4e9d85777:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u5aabf387483c801c394c1db4e9d85777 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u5aabf387483c801c394c1db4e9d85777 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u5aabf387483c801c394c1db4e9d85777 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u5aabf387483c801c394c1db4e9d85777 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u5aabf387483c801c394c1db4e9d85777:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u5aabf387483c801c394c1db4e9d85777 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u5aabf387483c801c394c1db4e9d85777 .u5aabf387483c801c394c1db4e9d85777-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u5aabf387483c801c394c1db4e9d85777:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Separating mary shelley Essay Lady Macbeth knew that she had killed not an enemy, but a friend; and because of this she felt guilt. The death of Banquo had also come back to haunt her conscience; because his death was an un-necessary one. The fact that Banquo knew that Macbeth was to blame for the death of Duncan wasnt a plausible enough excuse to murder him. The guilt she felt is indescribable, for the feeling of commit-ting murder cannot be described unless experienced. We see how far her guilt had surpassed to the point, where whilst sleep walking IV.i.1-80, she re-enacted the murder scene trying to rid the corrupted stains of death from her hands note that she is scared of being caught and regretful of what she has done. Yet heres a spot Out, damned spot! Out, I say! One; two; why, then tis time to dot. -Hell is murky.- Fie, my lord, fie! A soldier and afeard? What need we fear who knows it, when nonecane call our power to account? In simpler text this means that who can judge a king, when a king is the judge Yet who would have thought the old man to have had so much blood in him? Shes re-enacting the scene of Duncans deathThe Thane of Fife had a wife; where is she now? What, will these hands neer be clean? -No more o that, my lord, no more othat. You mar all with this starting Heres the smell of the blood still: all the perfumes of Arabia will not sweeten this little hand. Oh, oh, oh Wash your hands, put on your nightgown; look not so pale- I tell you yet again, Banquos buried; he cannot come out ons grave To bed, to bed; theres knocking at the gate. Come, come, come, come, give me your hand. Whats done can-not be undone regret. To bed, to bed, to bed. IV. i.31-69All of this guilt and stress mounted up so high, that it was eventually too much for her. She found the pressure overwhelming and much too painful that she couldnt manage it. The easy way out was to commit suicide, not facing the music. She committed suicide, not because she was weak, but because she was guilty and piteous. All of these aspects that lead to her suicide were responsible for her downfall.

101 Distinguishing “They Say” and “I Say” Professor Ramos Blog

101 Distinguishing â€Å"They Say† and â€Å"I Say† Chp 5, â€Å"And Yet† Quick Write Chp 5, â€Å"And Yet† Distinguishing What  You  Say from What  They  Say Chapter 5 (p. 68) introduces you to the term  voice markers  in order to help you distinguish the â€Å"I say† from the â€Å"They say.† This is a very important move since we are now including the â€Å"They say† in your writing. If you do not do this clearly, the reader will be confused as to your position and you may seem to contradict yourself. The templates help you with specific ways of signaling who is saying what, and to embed the voice markers. Being able to distinguish your own view from the common view is a â€Å"sophisticated rhetorical move.† Using â€Å"I† or â€Å"We† The chapter also covers using the first person in academic writing, â€Å"I† or â€Å"we.† You have likely been told to not or never use the I in college writing. The book argues that well-supported arguments are grounded in persuasive reasons and evidence, not in the use of nonuse of pronouns. The Politics of Food RADLEY BALKO, â€Å"What You Eat Is Your Business†Ã‚  [p. 651]  JOURNAL 8 DAVID H. FREEDMAN, â€Å"How Junk Food Can End Obesity†Ã‚  [p. 681] Specific Research Questions The topic or issue will help narrow down what you can research for your report. A specific research question will help focus your research to a specific area. A broad question like â€Å"What is global warming?† is way to big to write about and try to research in our time allotted. Plus, that one has already been answered. A better, more narrow question on this topic would be, â€Å"How does global warming affect the California shorelines?† This research question narrows down a broad topic and connects it to you. If you are a Business major, you might want to ask, â€Å"What are carbon credits, and how might they affect the California economy?† This question connects your interest or topic to your major. Report Purpose and Topic Answer questions. Review what is already known about a subject. Report new knowledge. Free Write What topic are you considering? From the three choices above, which one do you think best serves your topic? Write everything you know about the topic. Write for 5 minutes without stopping. Write sentences, bullet points, words, examples, etc.; anything that comes to mind regarding your topic.

Free Essays on Love And Hatred Similarities

Love and Hatred Similarities During the novel, Hawthorne emphasized the relationship between Chillingsworth and Dimmesdale. Throughout the story he focused on the idea that Chillingsworth sought revenge and hated Dimmesdale with a passion for his actions with Hester. One of the strongest quotes Hawthorne displayed was, â€Å"It is a curious subject of observation and inquiry whether hatred and love be not the same thing at bottom.† This statement refers to the similarities both emotions display, even though they are direct opposites of each other. Throughout the novel, Chillingsworth leeches on to Dimmesdale, causing him to break down bit by bit. The pleasure that Chillingsworth gets when seeing Dimmesdale demise becomes what he lives each day for. Chillingsworth states throughout the story that not only does he hate Dimmesdale, but he loves to hate him. This paradox is a bold emotion that carries on throughout the plot. When Chillingsworth finally devotes his life to seek revenge on the Reverend, he becomes obsessed and dependent on Dimmesdale, and begins his own demise as well. To say that both love and hatred are the same at bottom gives us the idea that just because two things are opposite, they are not necessarily different. Hawthorne views both emotions as intense and demanding feelings. Both emotions also lead to a certain level of attachment, as well as a similar outcome. The one difference is that love is a gentle, warm feeling, while hatred is unfriendly and cold. As used in the story, this paradox reflects the emotions felt towards Reverend Dimmesdale by Mr. Chillingsworth. Once Chillingsworth became obsessed with this emotion, he grew attached to hating Dimmesdale, eventually living his life to punish the man. When Reverend Dimmesdale confessed his sin and soon after died, Chillingsworth was left with no life source. With nothing else to live for, he died within the year like an animal deprived ... Free Essays on Love And Hatred Similarities Free Essays on Love And Hatred Similarities Love and Hatred Similarities During the novel, Hawthorne emphasized the relationship between Chillingsworth and Dimmesdale. Throughout the story he focused on the idea that Chillingsworth sought revenge and hated Dimmesdale with a passion for his actions with Hester. One of the strongest quotes Hawthorne displayed was, â€Å"It is a curious subject of observation and inquiry whether hatred and love be not the same thing at bottom.† This statement refers to the similarities both emotions display, even though they are direct opposites of each other. Throughout the novel, Chillingsworth leeches on to Dimmesdale, causing him to break down bit by bit. The pleasure that Chillingsworth gets when seeing Dimmesdale demise becomes what he lives each day for. Chillingsworth states throughout the story that not only does he hate Dimmesdale, but he loves to hate him. This paradox is a bold emotion that carries on throughout the plot. When Chillingsworth finally devotes his life to seek revenge on the Reverend, he becomes obsessed and dependent on Dimmesdale, and begins his own demise as well. To say that both love and hatred are the same at bottom gives us the idea that just because two things are opposite, they are not necessarily different. Hawthorne views both emotions as intense and demanding feelings. Both emotions also lead to a certain level of attachment, as well as a similar outcome. The one difference is that love is a gentle, warm feeling, while hatred is unfriendly and cold. As used in the story, this paradox reflects the emotions felt towards Reverend Dimmesdale by Mr. Chillingsworth. Once Chillingsworth became obsessed with this emotion, he grew attached to hating Dimmesdale, eventually living his life to punish the man. When Reverend Dimmesdale confessed his sin and soon after died, Chillingsworth was left with no life source. With nothing else to live for, he died within the year like an animal deprived ...

The real Conscientious Objection Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

The real Conscientious Objection - Essay Example Every household is predominantly blessed with this â€Å"necessity† of life. From entertainment to important events, the popularity of television has grown inevitably beyond boundaries to such an extent that it has become a preference for people around the globe, making it more difficult to improve television standards in favor of the societies. Neil Postman, a renowned critic, has taken the much needed step to illuminate the disasters of this media in the form of his collection – â€Å"The Conscientious Objections†. True to its name, this book truly highlights numerous issues that burden the conscience. With respect to media, Postman intelligibly covers the minute analysis for news and commercials as a mode of communication. The appreciable element of Postman’s critique is the unbiased appreciation for the limitations of television commercials and news while determining the moral issues attached with it. The objections raised by Postman are numerous, all of vital importance, such as delivering incomplete and fabricated information. It is important to note that these are not same, but both do result in the seclusion of truth from people. Postman also highlighted the cultural changes caused by television evolving entire societies, however, these cultural manipulations do not stem from television itself but rather from the developments occurring around the world. Details are covered in the paper. The Real Conscientious Objection: The commercial television of the current era has negative impacts on the society in a number of ways. From obsessive television watching to being exposed to inappropriate information – the television has been accredited for the unhealthy attitudes developing in the individuals of our society. The analysis of ethicality of the current practices of concerned television authorities in the light of Neil Postman’s â€Å"Conscientious Objection† is discussed hereafter. The most important conscie ntious objection posed by television is the incompleteness and at times, fabrication of information projected by this medium. With regards to television commercials and news both, the projected idea of the subjects is more often insufficient to cover the actual object. This results in individuals carrying around a distorted and deceiving perception of the reality, believing it to be the truth. This hampers the intellect of these individuals in their personal and public decision making processes, incurring losses on themselves. Even though the case is similar for both news and commercials, â€Å"The whole problem with news on television comes down to this: all the words uttered in an hour of news coverage could be printed on one-page of a newspaper. And the world cannot be understood in one page† (Postman 72). It is therefore needless to say that the news projected on television is rarely ever complete. Additionally, â€Å"Unless (people) also read newspapers and magazines, t elevision viewers are helpless to understand their world† (Postman 78). This implies the severity of this phenomenon, indicating the briefness of television broadcasts. Relying solely on television as the authentic source of information is an unwise practice on behalf of a major part of population. The case of television commercials is more drastic for its creative and delusional content. â€Å"Television commerci

Mechanical lock and phisical model Research Paper

Mechanical lock and phisical model - Research Paper Example fectiveness of the remotely controlled Security System since it decides the systems electrical requirements, physical security, installation and operation, as well as the industrial design of the end product. While the lock provides for the physical security of the Electronic Security System, the access control devices actuate the locking mechanism after validating the credentials of the owner and generating the signal for locking or unlocking the lock (Abloy, 2011). The monitoring system is to keep an eye of the lock tracking the movement of any object nearby, to maintain a database for the access control and to keep the recorded data available for ready access. The mechanical locks form the heart of the security system and are available in a variety of designs. A pin tumbler lock is proposed to for the heart of the locking mechanism. In the pin tumbler lock, the key fits into a rotatable tube, called a plug, which sits within a fixed cylinder known as the shell (Phillips, 2005). Rotating the plug within the shell operates the locking mechanism. When the lock is locked, the plug is prevented from rotating by little sticks of metal under spring pressure that protrude from the plug into the shell. Each stick, known as a pin stack, is cut into two (or more) pieces (pins) at one or more of a standard, discrete set of positions. When the lock is empty, the cuts in the pin stacks sit inside the plug and the ends of the outermost pins protrude into the shell. When a correct key is inserted, it lifts each pin stack to a height where the cut is precisely aligned with the boundary between plug and shell. This enables the plug to turn and operate the mechanism. The design of the electromechanical lock utilizes solenoid as main power in order to activate the lifting mechanism of the pin stack. Solenoid in general creates linear motion due to its force stroke characteristics. Energy efficient and forceful operation of the solenoid is vital for proper operation and longevity

History of Albert Einstein

History of Albert Einstein Reiyyan Tariq Nizami Albert Einstein The Political Activist behind the Physicist Albert Einstein is a name known by nearly every child who has the luxury of learning about science and physics. Throughout the world he is known for his remarkable work in physics where he developed the theory of relativity. However most know him for his infamous mass – energy equivalence formula E=mc2. Einstein received a Nobel Prize in physics in 1921 for his fabulous work. Everyone knows about his work in physics but few know about the political side of Einstein. He was alive during many wars and he always tried to help as many people as he could. Albert Einstein was a great physicist and political activist and an even better humanitarian. Albert Einstein was born on March 14th 1879 in Ulm, Germany to a Jewish family. From a young age Einstein showed a great interest in mathematics and physics and eventually obtained a diploma from Swiss Federal Polytechnic School. He eventually became a Swiss citizen and started working as a technical assistant at the patent office. In 1905 he obtained a PhD from the University of Zurich. His dissertation was called A New Determination of Molecular Dimensions† in which he discussed Avogadro’s constant. This was just the beginning for the great physicist’s accomplishments. Later on in the same year Einstein wrote four papers which are sometimes referred to as the Annus Mirabilis papers. Annus Mirabilis is Latin for Great or Miraculous Year, the year was indeed great for Albert Einstein. The four papers he wrote held great weight in the physics community and changed the way people viewed many aspects of physics. The four papers were written on Photoelectric Effect, Brownian motion, Special Relativity and Mass-Energy equivalence. These papers brought Einstein into the spotlight in the world of physics. In the following years Einstein was more and more successful. In 1908 he was given a teaching position at the University of Bern. The next year he got an offer to work at the University of Zurich and a few years later he got a position to teach at Charles-Ferdinand University in what was then known as Czechoslovakia. He later returned to Germany to work at Kaiser Wilhelm Society as a director. The Kaiser Wilhelm Society was setup to encourage the study of natural sciences in Germany. He was also given a professorship at Humboldt University of Berlin however he did not teach there much. Next Albert Einstein went on to become the president of the German Physical Society. All of these positions of great honor and stature were given to Albert Einstein for his brilliant work in Physics. From 1907 to 1915 Einstein worked on his General Theory of Relativity. This was by far one of Einstein’s greatest gift to the scientific community. However during these years the theory was met with different controversies from different people. He was awarded a Nobel Prize in physics in 1921 which was awarded for his work with the photoelectric effect. He did however receive recognition for his work in relativity in 1925 when he received the Copley Medal, which is given to scientists who have greatly contributed to any field of science by the Royal Society. Albert Einstein definitely deserved these rewards for all the great contributions he gave to the world of physics. Einstein was widely respected throughout Germany and the world for his great contributions to the world of physics. However he was also despised by many people for various reasons, such as, some people didn’t believe in his science and others hated him for his religion. A Jews life in Germany in 1930s was one filled with great danger at all times. This was because of the far right wing party National Socialist German Workers Party (NSDAP) known to many people as the Nazi party. They held a belief that the Aryan race was the strongest purest race and other races were inferior especially the Jews. If someone happened to be a famous person and a Jew, as Albert Einstein was, then their life was in grave danger. Being the famous person he was Albert Einstein travelled all over the place giving lectures and continued his work on physics. In 1933 the German far right wing Nazi party came to power. Their views were extremely Fascist and included but weren’t limited to anti-Semitism and racial purity. Lucky for Albert Einstein he was not in Germany during this time, he was in fact taking a trip to the Pasadena, California in the United States of America with his family where he was a visiting professor for a short time at the California institute of Technology. When Albert Einstein heard of the Nazi party coming to power in 1933 he and his family decided to stay away from Germany. They instead decided to travel to Belgium where they stayed for a few months. During his journey Albert Einstein was informed that his house was broken into by the Nazis and his possessions had been confiscated. Albert Einstein decided he no longer wanted to be associated with Germany and gave away his citizensh ip of Germany. Eventually the Nazi party implanted harsher and harsher laws against Jews in Germany. The atmosphere in Germany was getting worse and worse for any Jewish person and every one of them were trying to flee the country for their lives. Albert Einstein was being targeted by his enemies in every way possible. His scientific achievements were being tarnished by Nazi scientists, his writings were burned by the Nazis and he was officially listed an enemy of the state in Germany and there was a bounty on his head for $5,000. Albert Einstein decided that staying in Europe was not an option for him and so he took his family and moved to Princeton in New Jersey where he stayed for the rest of his life away from the threats to him from the German Nazi party. The Nazi party put Albert Einstein under a lot of pressure but this only made him a stronger advocate of war and further increased his desire for peaceful resolutions to problems. Over the years that the Nazi party was holding power in Germany Albert Einstein was working hard to try to give the Jews in Europe a way to escape Hitler’s grasp. Albert Einstein wrote letters to the United States of America asking them to give European Jews visas to enter the United States to escape torture at the hands of the Nazis. Albert Einstein pleaded to the United States to make immigration easier for his people. This was the start of a long political path for Albert Einstein. Einstein kept trying harder and harder to provide ways to rescue his friends from oppression in Germany. Finally in 1933 Albert Einstein was able to get the wheels in motion and the International Rescue Committee was created which over the years saved multiple thousands of people from not only Germany but also from Italy, France, Spain and many other European countries. If it wouldn’t have been for Albert Einstein a majority of those people would have ended up dying to the hands of one dictator or another. Einstein was also a man of strong morals, throughout the whole German war he stood strong and tried to help people being oppressed by the Nazis in the best way that he could do so. He appealed to governments to help the oppressed and used his fame and connection in every way possible to help people. After the war had ended Germans wanted to have Einstein come home as a hero and give him rewards for his support to those that needed help. However Albert Einstein declined any such rewards, he said that he was extremely upset with the way that Germany let the genocide of 6 million Jews take place. He never went back to Germany after 1933 and did not like to be associated with them. He stood up for what he believed was right even if it was his home country and that made him a true hero. After the war had ended the whole world was trying to find a home for the Jewish community. A country that they could call their own and live in peace without any kind of oppression from any other race or religion. Many people came to decide that the Jews should have their own home in the holy land, Palestine. Albert Einstein was in support of this idea, what better place to call home then the land of Moses, the prophet of the Jews. However Albert Einstein had a different approach to the rest of the world. He believed that instead of creating a state for the Jews protected by weapons and an army. He believed that the Jews and the Arabs could live together in harmony peacefully. As the Jewish state of Israel was being created Einstein was still opposed to their actions. Albert Einstein joined with a few others together sent a letter to the New York Times in which they condemned the actions of Menachem Begin, an Israeli politician for the right wing Herut political party, for the massacre of Arab villages. The authors of the letter compared the massacre to what Hitler and the Nazi party did in Germany with their fascist views and they warned the world of terrible things to come if the right wing party came to power. This showed great courage and morality of Albert Einstein, he was going against his own religion to do what was right and this made him a great leader for people. In fact Albert Einstein was so loved by the people of Israel and Jews around the world that he was offered the position of being the president of Israel. However he declined the offer kindly as he believed he was not the right man for the job as he lacked the experience and the skills to work in such a position of power. He decided that he could do more work for the world from behind his desk compared to the desk of the president of Israel. This showed that Albert Einstein was working not to gain power of any sort but to do the right thing and that is a quality that is rarely see in people, especially political activists. Albert Einstein was looked down at by the Nazi party and their supporters throughout his life in Germany. This made him all too familiar with the feeling of Anti-Semitism discrimination which he fought against throughout his life. However this was not the only type of discrimination he fought against. Albert Einstein was also fighting the fight for civil rights for African Americans. He worked with many various organizations to help African Americans obtain equality and to get rid of racism. There are many times during his life when Albert Einstein homed and supported African Americans who were oppressed by the white man. This shows how great of a humanitarian Albert Einstein was, he really did not see race or religion, he saw humanity and felt the urge to help them. Of great significance were the events of a racial riot in Tennessee which took place in 1946 known as the Columbia Race Riot. The police in Tennessee had been injured while they were going to enter a segregated African American business district. Later on the white Americans and the police raided the African American business district and stole money and weapons and other goods from their stores and arrested several African American men on alleged murder charges. These men weren’t provided any legal counsel and were going to be punished but the actions of Thurgood Marshall, a member of the United States Supreme Court, supported by Albert Einstein and a few other supporters of civil rights fought to free the wrongfully accused African American men. Albert Einstein felt so strongly about the discrimination against African Americans and he used his fame and power to condemn it in every way possible. He gave lectures, speeches and even wrote letters to politicians throughout the government. He went so far as to communicating with the president of the United States, Harry S. Truman. In his letters Albert Einstein condemned the racial discrimination and urged the president to pass anti-lynching laws. Albert Einstein was not afraid of anyone when it came to equality and civil rights for any race, he spoke his mind freely. Throughout most of his life Albert Einstein was a pacifist, a man who tried to help the weak and wanted to achieve harmony throughout the world in a peaceful manner. However sometimes there is not an option for a peaceful way. In 1939 this was the situation Aalbert Einstein found himself in. German scientists were attempting to develop a nuclear weapon and if they succeeded this would be ill news for the rest of the world. Having firsthand experience of what the Nazis were capable of Albert Einstein and a few other scientists, many who also suffered at the hands of the Nazis, decided to urge the United States President Franklin D. Roosevelt to develop their own nuclear weapon as a defensive strategy against the Nazis in case they developed a Nuclear weapon. Hence began the Nuclear arms race and this was the biggest regret of Einstein later on in his life. This was a very difficult decision for Einstein as a political activist and many argue that if he had to do it again he may not ha ve made the same decision. Indeed if Albert Einstein knew that the United States would end up using the Nuclear weapons on Hiroshima and Nagasaki and that the Nazis would fail to develop any Nuclear weapons then he would have never suggested their development. However under pressure and fear of Nazi world dominance Albert Einstein made a decision which resulted in the death of many innocent Japanese people. Later on in his life Albert Einstein tried to correct his mistakes and wrote an article where he suggested that United States should not be an atomic power, instead they should give the Atomic power to the United Nations to deter other dictators and nations from trying to develop weapons. It seems throughout his life Einstein was in the middle of some sort of war. He lived through World War 1 and 2 and when those finally ended he was right in the center of the cold war. During his work in World War 2 Albert Einstein developed strong ties with many political activists and politicians in the west as well as in the east, in specific with the soviets. Anyone who was remotely tied to the soviets was being accused of treason and disloyalty, this practice was called McCarthyism. At the head of the anti-communist movement were U.S. Senator Joseph McCarthy and the Federal Bureau of Investigation directed by J. Edgar Hoover. Once again Albert Einstein did all that he could to help innocent people who were the victims of McCarthyism. Albert Einstein publicly advised all the victims of McCarthyism to apply the non-cooperation movement much like Gandhi did in India with the British Empire. His rational was that if everyone did not cooperate with the government then they would not have anything and would eventually give up. Albert Einstein compared Joseph McCarthy to Hitler and his fascist ways. Albert Einstein was so displeased with the acts of the government that ignored any risks to his reputation and he fought for his political beliefs. He went so far as to say that he would be willing to go to jail if he had to but he would stick to what he felt was right. Joseph McCarthy and the FBI were never able to find concrete evidence against Albert Einstein and so Albert Einstein lived a free man who continued to struggle for freedom. Even in his last days on this planet Einstein continued his work to prevent wars in the future and to stop nuclear development. Albert Einstein’s biggest fear was that his work in physics which was key in the development of the Atomic Bomb would be the weapon that annihilates all of mankind. It is widely known knowledge that Einstein said â€Å"I do not know how the third World War will be fought, but I can tell you what they will use in the Fourth — sticks and stones. This was to signify that the world would be destroyed by nuclear weapons before the fourth world war. In his last week’s Einstein wrote a manifesto with Bertrand Russell, a British philosopher, the manifesto discussed the dangers of nuclear warfare. The Russell–Einstein Manifesto was key in the development of the Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs. This conference brings forth leaders and scientists from around the world to discuss ways to mitigate the dangers of war and to fi nd peaceful resolutions to issues. Through his entire life Albert Einstein was working to stop wars and help the victims of wars. At the same time he was also busy doing research in physics. He worked on developing a Unified field theory, he studied wormholes, and of course he continued his own research on quantum mechanics as well. While he did all this he also helped free Jews, African Americans and other people being oppressed. How one man can inspire the whole world is remarkable and speaks to volumes the power of the human brain. Throughout his life Einstein influenced many and even today his theories are used to develop and understand physics and the natural world. The man was a remarkable physicist and he was rewarded for that in many ways from the Nobel Prize to professorships around the world. Unfortunately his political and humanitarian work was not recognized and rewarded like his work in physics was. Albert Einstein was a great political activist and he was one of the best humanitarian known to mankind. Bibliography Albert Einstein Biographical. 25 Mar. 2014 http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1921/einstein-bio.html>. Albert Einstein, Radical: A Political Profile. Monthly Review. 25 Mar. 2014 http://monthlyreview.org/2005/05/01/albert-einstein-radical-a-political-profile>. Albert Einstein, Was Einstein a Zionist? 25 Mar. 2014 http://www.zionism-israel.com/ezine/Einstein_and_Zionism.htm>. Avogadros number. 25 Mar. 2014 http://en.citizendium.org/wiki/Avogadros_number#Estimates_from_liquid_solutions>. Butcher, Sandra Ionna. The origins of the Russell-Einstein Manifesto. Washington, DC: Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs, 2005. Calaprice, Alice, and Trevor Lipscombe. Albert Einstein: A biography. Westport, CT: Greenwood P, 2005. Gewertz, Ken. Albert Einstein, Civil Rights activist. Harvard Gazette. 25 Mar. 2014 http://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2007/04/albert-einstein-civil-rights-activist/>. Isaacson, Walter. Einstein: His life and universe. New York: Simon Schuster, 2007. 404. Rhodes, Richard. The making of the atomic bomb. New York: Simon Schuster, 1986. 307-14. Scientist Tells of Einsteins A-bomb Regrets. The Philadelphia Bulletin. 24 Mar. 2014 http://web.archive.org/web/20061108075927/http://virtor.bar.admin.ch/pdf/ausstellung_einstein_fr/der_pazifist/A-Bomb_Regrets.pdf>. Stachel, John J. Einstein from B to Z Boston: BirkhaÃÅ'ˆuser, 2002. Albert Einstein on the McCarthy hearings and the Fifth Amendment, 1953. The Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History. 25 Mar. 2014 https://www.gilderlehrman.org/history-by-era/fifties/resources/albert-einstein-mccarthy-hearings-and-fifth-amendment-1953>.

Hospitality Story Assignment Essay

This paper discusses strategic opportunities for a unique non-profit venture. The equine industry is one among the major animal industry in the world. This is because horses – the layman’s term for equine – are one of the most expensive animals to buy and to take care of. Equines can be considered as a pet for animal lovers, a practical means of transport within the farm or to country-side areas, and also a good form of business in a way of breeding and racing quality horses. But what happens to the race horses that can no longer race? Introduction The equine industry is one among the major animal industries in the world. This is because horses – the layman’s term for equine – are one of the most expensive animals to buy and to take care of. Horses can be considered as a pet for animal lovers, a practical means of transport within the farm or to country-side areas, and also a good form of business in a way of breeding and racing horses. Indeed, there are a number of uses that can be applied for the horses. This is the very reason why the equine industry has been receiving great attention both from the government sector and the private animal-related organizations. There are a series of laws and regulations made to facilitate the smooth flow of equine industry, both in the business and health perspectives. Background Racing Industry History Horses, one of the most fascinating animals in the history of mankind, have been an integral part of society since the beginning of civilization. In the days of primitive culture, man looked towards the horse as a source of food. Since that time however, he has relied on the horse for warfare, work, transportation and sport. After God, said the Spanish conquistadors, we owed the victory to the horse. With equal truth it can be asserted that much of our human progress has been dependent upon the use man has made of the horse (Edwards, 1985). Edward’s affirmation is further proven throughout history. From the migration of primitive nomads to the conquering of entire civilizations, there is no aspect of life that the horse has not affected. The horses’ history began millions of years before humans even evolved. Horses were so important to ancient society, that such evidence is depicted through many works of art and literature. Through these remnants one can see exactly how horses were eaten, sacrificed, worshiped and ridden in battle since pre-historic times. Often times, especially in mythology, certain ideas about horses came about from an explanation of actual events. What is known today as the modern horse took many years to evolve into what it has become. â€Å"One of the earliest records of man riding a horse is an engraving on bone, found at Susa from the third millennium BC† (Edwards, 1985). As they became more popular, horses soon replaced reindeer, and were used to draw sleds in Northern Europe. Likewise, horses also began to replace other animals as a vehicle. A mounted man on these fast-moving creatures could certainly hunt with greater efficiency. â€Å"The first time man employed some means other than human power was an immense step in world history† (Roberts, 1987). â€Å"Man’s domestication of the horse throughout the centuries has been so thorough and comprehensive that there are really no truly wild horses left in existence† (Roberts, 1987). Although horses do run free in the world, they are all decedents of some form of domesticated animal. The Breeders Breeders of Thoroughbred racehorses have a motto: â€Å"Breed the best to the best, and hope for the best. † Farms from California to New York, Florida to Maryland, are all trying to emulate what breeders in the state of Kentucky have done for centuries — produce champions. For breeders, the study of bloodlines is a way of life. The art of matching a dam (the horse’s mother) with a sire (the father) to produce a top foal is part art form, part science, and a great deal of luck. For instance, Alydar, who finished second to Affirmed in all the 1978 Triple Crown races, sired a pair of Kentucky Derby winners in Alysheba (1987) and Strike the Gold (1991); Affirmed has yet to sire a Derby winner. The breeder will contribute to the race horse shelter every time a thoroughbred race horse is registered with the Jockey Association. This fee, of $200. 00 is collected by The Jockey Association and sent directly to the shelter to help with the costs of providing food, shelter and medical care for the horses. The fee will also provide the necessary salaries to the members of the team. The Horses The Thoroughbred breed originates from the Middle East, where centuries ago Arab rulers bred their great stallions to select mares in the hopes of producing faster and stronger horses. The lineage, or family history, of a horse is known as its pedigree. Soon after a horse’s birth, the owner and/or breeder registers it with The Jockey Club, the official racing record keeping organization for the breed. After the colt (male) or filly (female) is born, the breeder puts in countless hours of hard work to get the horse ready for the races. While most thoroughbreds are born between January and June, they have a universal birthday of January 1. This standard was set up to simplify the process of creating races for horses of a certain age. (For example, the Kentucky Derby is restricted to three year olds). During the young horse’s first autumn, they are separated from the mother and grouped together with other â€Å"weanlings†; continuing to grow and learn. The following spring, the developing horses, now known as â€Å"yearlings† will begin to be taught the ways of the racetrack. Beginning with the first days of placing a saddle on their back, they are being trained for a career at the races. The young horses begin training at on their â€Å"home† farm or shipped to a training facility to be â€Å"broken† for riding and eventually racing. Developing a good racehorse takes considerable time and patience. Training begins slowly, with light jogs and gallops around the track; developing a routine to get the horse accustomed to track life. Later, serious training begins; they start to put in longer gallops to build stamina, and work their way up to a â€Å"two-minute lick†, meaning a robust mile gallop in two minutes. As it gets closer to their second birthday, the casual farm life has been left behind. Horses at this age now begin workouts, usually starting with 1/8 of a mile, called their first â€Å"blowout†, and working their way up as the day of moving from training center to racetrack nears. The Thoroughbred on the Track Today, Thoroughbreds generally begin their racing career at age two (Remember, all racehorses have a universal birthday of January 1), and remain racing as long as they are main competitive or until retirement for breeding purposes. A Thoroughbred is not considered an adult horse until it is five years of age, so when they begin their career at age two or three, they are really just developing children and teenagers. Horses go through a lot of growing pains and changes during this time. Often you will see precocious two-year-olds that are touted as next year’s Kentucky Derby favorite that end up no where to be seen come that first Saturday in May. Most everyone in racing will tell you that their dream is to see their horse in the Derby winner’s circle, but with some 35,000 foals born in the United States each year, and only 20 maximum make it to the race, reality sets in quickly. So even if a horse doesn’t make the Derby, there are plenty of opportunities for a horse to be successful on the track. As a horse develops, it usually acquires a certain racing style; whether it is a front-runner or off-the-pace type, or maybe it prefers racing on turf rather than dirt. There is the rare animal that is comfortable no matter how the race develops or on any type of track, able to adapt to every situation. Whatever their style, the bettor needs to compare it to the rest of the horses in the field and see how the race might unfold. The Trainers While the jockey is usually the person that the racing fans most identify with, the single most important player in a racehorse’s life is the trainer. Trainers generally earn their money in two ways: through a â€Å"day rate† they charge the owner(s) for day-to-day training; and â€Å"stakes† they earn when their owner’s horse wins a race, usually 10% of the owners winnings. The trainer is comparable to a team’s coach – continually trying to produce winners with a constantly changing barnful of talent. For every horse in the barn, the trainer teaches them how to race, hones their speed, builds their endurance, sees to their care, and calls in help to heal their injuries. All horses possess a certain amount of class; ultimately telling in the level of race at which they will be successful. As a trainer begins to work with a horse, they assess that class and train accordingly. For the fans, training is like practicing. Horses are trained almost every morning, when they are taken to the racetrack to walk, jog, gallop or workout, depending on their schedule. Workouts are the most noteworthy part of the training regimen. Shorter workouts (those a half mile or under) are designed to increase speed, while longer ones build stamina. As with any athlete, horses experience physical problems. This is where the keen eye of an experienced trainer can significantly affect a horse’s career. Racehorses are by nature delicate, and by closely watching for and treating injuries before they become serious, the trainer will save his horse, owner and himself a lot of problems. For medical problems, trainers call in their veterinarian. At all racetracks, there are a group of vets who, usually working out of their vehicle instead of an office, travel through the barn area taking care of their clients’ horses day to day needs. After all of this, the trainer still has to select the races in which the horses will compete. Trainers use the condition book, created by the Racing Secretary, to select the type of race for each horse in the stable. For example, if the horse has yet to win, it would be entered in a â€Å"maiden† race against other non-winners. An old horsemen’s adage is to, â€Å"keep myself in the best company and my horses in the worst†. Easier said than done, but some trainers have the knack. For the bettor, it is essential to watch the trainers and see which ones are the most successful. The track program has a stats page for trainers, with all the information needed evaluate when they are most successful. Knowing the trainers and being able to pick up on their hot and cold spells is a top priority in making winning selections at the track. The trainer will contribute to the race horse shelter every time a thoroughbred race horse is registered as a racing horse. This fee, of $100. 00 is collected by the race track and sent directly to the shelter to help with the costs of providing food, shelter and medical care for the horses. The fee will also provide the necessary salaries to the members of the team. The Jockeys Jockeys generally get their mounts in races when the horses are training each morning. A jockey employs an agent, who, working for a percentage of their rider’s winnings, tries to secure the best horse for them in each race. The tricky part for the agent comes when several trainers want their rider for the same race. Now the jockey’s agent is like any bettor – they are handicapping the horses and putting their rider on the most likely winner. Riding atop a Thoroughbred at speeds up to 40 miles per hour for a mile or more requires tremendous athletic ability and concentration. The best jockeys are skillful strategists and superior gamesmen. They are experts at bringing out the best qualities of their mounts. Top riders are also familiar with the characteristics of many other horses in the race. In addition to the athletic demands of racing, a jockey must maintain a certain weight for riding, normally between 100 and 115 pounds. Strict dieting and conditioning programs are a constant concern for most riders. The jockeys will be desired as caregivers and exercisers for the horses residing at the race horse shelter. The jockeys will be a salaried employee of the team. Many jockeys have a hard time finding employment after their racing careers are over. The race horse shelter will provide employment for these retire jockeys. Racehorse Industry The racehorse industry has been demonstrating positive levels of success and has had a considerable impact on the market overall. A 2003 summary report provided by the Louisiana State University summarized the successes and contributions of the horse industry as follow: â€Å"The race horse industry is composed of 1,178 breeders who own 10,161 mares that produced 5,971 foals that were sold in 2003 for $35. 8 million. These breeders own 1,977 stallions that were bred to 5,313 mares, generating income from stud fees of $13. 3 million. The total income generated from racehorse production was $49. 1 million. An additional 2,229 racehorse owners owned 10,903 racehorses in training or on the track at a value of $109 million. The impact of racehorse owners and breeders’ activities in 2003 was $158. 1 million. The show and competition horse industry (horse shows, barrel racing, cutting, roping, team penning, etc. ) is composed of 2,600 breeders who own 7,847 mares that produced 4,901 foals that were sold for $14. 7 million. These breeders own 718 stallions that bred 8,351 mares, generating $12. 5 million in income from stud fees. The total income generated from show and competition horse production was $27. 2 million. Another 4,634 owners compete on their 14,901 horses valued at $59. 6 million. The total impact of the show and competition horse industry is $86. 8 million. A large portion of the horse industry is recreational. The horse is used for comfort, exercise and enjoyment. About 20% or 8,570 of the recreational horse owners bred 21,554 mares and sold 11,392 foals in 2003 for $17. 1 million. These horsemen own 933 stallions that were bred to 5,924 mares, generating income from stud fees of $592,400. The total income from production in the recreational horse industry was $17. 6 million in 2003. Another 25,453 recreational horse owners have 61,366 horses valued at $61 million. There are 129,022 registered horses in Louisiana, owned by 45,331 horsemen. These horses are valued at $324 million. An additional 70,000 grade and other equines are owned by 25,000 people who have a $210 million impact on the economy. In addition to the value of horses produced and maintained in Louisiana, the activities of the horse industry generate a tremendous cash flow. The four racetracks employ 3,000 people and generate expenditures of about $1 billion per year. The show and competition industry conducts an estimated 500 activities per year and generates $12. 5 million in expenditures. With the value of horses, expenditures on horses and the activities in which they engage, the impact of the horse industry is estimated at $1. 6 billion per year. † (LSU, 2003). Apparently, the industry is heading in a positive direction. However, there needs to be better regulation of the industry, particularly in the development of appropriate business ethics to govern those involved in the industry. Sensible business ethics are one of the keys to organizational success. As a corporate strategy businesses involved with horses should lobby for effective legislation to protect the consumer, the business owner and the horse. In the U. K. , for example, all horses are required to possess a passport according to a legislation that came into effect on 31 December 2003. Other European countries have similar requirements. Even though horse owners previously registered horses this was on a voluntary basis for horses born after 1 January 1998. The new requirement ensures that all horses, particularly those specifically reared for the purposes of slaughtering and consumption, have a passport containing a history of veterinary medicines so that certain medicines do not pass along the food chain to humans. This requirement is also a more effective way of controlling over breeding in certain areas (Defra, 2002). Policies such as these are useful guidelines for conducting business so that managers adopt correct strategies in all aspects of the industry. Organizations must provide these business ethics and rights to employees (as well as to the livestock of the agriculture or farm industry) to safeguard their needs, to maintain friendly working environment, and to provide boost to a certain industry. Managers cannot anticipate that there will not be challenges in implementing certain principles that will contribute to eventual organizational success. Jonash (2005) warns that business owners need to be willing to face the challenges that go along with difficult business decisions and strategies. He holds that achieving short, medium and long-term success is not easy. He suggests that managers accept the reality that there are no quick fixes to organizational problems and thus should be willing to follow through with tested and proven strategies even if the implementation process seems difficult. The above-mentioned statistics show clearly that this system is working very well in the US and can even improve if the overall racehorse industry follows proper policies and procedures. Slaughter Industry History Slaughterhouses slaughter, for consumption, horses which have outlived their usefulness, or are in poor health condition. The history of horse slaughter houses can be trace back from the 8th century when Pope Gregorio III declared that the consumption of horse meat for food is an abominable act (Martuzzi et. al. , n. d. ). He also declared the people eating it as unclean people. However, until today, the use of horse meat is rampant. Customers who use horsemeat in their diet purchase the slaughtered meat in large quantities (House of Commons Hansard, 2002). Horses are slaughtered for meat and sold in France, Belgium, Holland, Japan and Italy. This mainly originates from the horse slaughtering houses that are widely distributed in Europe and in America. It was in 1928 when the selling of horse meat was strictly prohibited. However, the eventual abolition of this law may be the caused of the emanating horse slaughtering houses. During 1995-2000, the number of horse slaughtering houses along with horse consumption increased. It was only in 1999 when a decrease in the trend was observed and this was mainly caused by BSE, a disease that can be obtained from eating animal meat. More recently (2005), â€Å"around 100,000 horses are slaughtered each year in the United States alone †¦ to be slaughtered† (Meszoly, 2006). Among this large number of horses, 20,000 were exported alive to their countries. These countries include Japan, Mexico, and Canada (Reeves, n. d). In line with the rampant case of horse slaughtering houses, the American Horse Slaughter Prevention Act was established. Its primary goal is to end the slaughter of horses for human consumption. Most recently, it was on August 2, 2007 when an amendment to the 2008 Agriculture Appropriations bill was approved. This is another move to stop the act done by horse slaughtering horses, to remove its history, present deeds and future acts. Humane Society History The word humane means merciful, sympathetic and benevolent. (HSI Europe, 2008). The humane society is a collective effort of an association to ensure that feelings of mercy and benevolence spread among the local people not only towards their fellow humans but also towards all the â€Å"living beings† around them. These living beings include a whole range of animals, birds and at times even plants. Most recently altering the gene of animals through genetic engineering for the purpose of mere experimentation are also taken into serious consideration by the modern humane societies. Humane societies aim to prohibit in-humane and brutal behavior towards other humans and animals. Today humane societies for animal protection are specifically called â€Å"societies for the prevention of cruelty to animals (SPCA’s)† (HSI Europe, 2008). Brief Aims and Purposes of Humane Societies The basic aim of most humane societies and SPCA’s, remains to be the prevention of cruelty against animals. If animals cannot voice their own demands and cannot speak up against the brutalities being committed on them, it does not mean that humans should take advantage of them and justify their cruel acts to be correct. Other major purposes include dealing with the problem of shelter, adoption and euthanasia. Euthanasia (bringing about an easy death) is carried out in order to deal with the problems of unwanted animals in a community and prevent conditions of overcrowding in animal shelters. However, some SPCA’s have a no kill policy. This nevertheless does not mean that euthanasia is completely avoided; it means that it is used only very rarely in serious situations. On the international and national front many organizations fight for the rights of wildlife and work animals which face extremely harsh treatment from poachers, smugglers, hunters and other people who kill or use animals merely for economic gain and people who employ animals to work for them. History of Humane Societies United States of America: Though England was possibly the first known country to have set up a humane society, other countries like USA, Canada, Australia and New Zealand were quick to follow. Henry Burgh founded the first humane society of USA in 1866 in New York, known as the â€Å"American Society for Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (ASPCA)† The Humane Society of the United States, American Humane which was founded in 1877 as a network of local organizations to prevent cruelty to children and animals (HSI Europe, 2008). Many other local organizations were set up and worked with similar objectives such as, animal safety, providing sanctuaries and possibilities of adoption for animals and dealing with the problems of unwanted animals through the controversial process of euthanasia or otherwise through a â€Å"no kill† policy (HSI Europe, 2008). No kill actually means minimizing euthanasia so that it is only used under certain circumstances. United Kingdom: The first ever humane society was set up in England, known as the Royal Humane society founded in 1774 A. D. (HSI Europe, 2008). It was a charitable organization which awarded people for acts of saving human lives or restoring human lives by resuscitation. Following the steps of Royal Humane society, the Glasgow Humane Society was founded in Glasgow, Scotland in 1790. Since then it has been acting as an organization for the† prevention, rescue and recovery group set up for Greater Glasgow, Scotland (HSI Europe, 2008). An organization especially for animal rights was founded in 1824, known as the â€Å"Royal Society for Prevention of Cruelty to animals (RSPCA) followed by Scottish Society for Prevention of Cruelty to animals (SSCPA) and Ulster Society for Prevention of Cruelty to animals (USCPA). An organization for treating animal illnesses and injuries of wildlife and the pets and working animals of the local poor people, known as the People’s Dispensary for Sick animals was founded in 1917 (HSI Europe, 2008). Canada: The Canadian Federation of Humane Societies is a federation which represents as whole around 123 humane societies all over Canada. However, in 1869 in Montreal the first ever humane society of Canada was set up, known as the Canadian SPCA (HSI Europe, 2008). Australia: The first Australian SPCA was founded in 1871 in Victoria based on British RSPCA. Later, other such organizations were built in other states like in Tasmania in 1872, New South Wales in 1873, Queensland in 1883 and Western Australia in 1892. Though they were warranted the Royal Warrant in 1956, they had no connection with the RSPCA in the UK. For the purpose of voicing their desires in the federal government regarding animal issues, Australian RSPCA was founded in 1981 (HSI Europe, 2008). New Zealand: In 1882, in Dunedin, the first SPCA of New Zealand was set up. Other such organizations were formed in quick succession. Later they all combined into a union known as the Royal New Zealand Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, to work for unified goals and objectives (HSI Europe, 2008). International: Many SPCA’s are also running successfully on an international scale, mostly in European countries. Humane Society International HSI is one such example of an eminent US based SPCA working successfully in Europe since 1990 (HSI Europe, 2008). Non Profit Horse Rescue History At present, there are many non profit organizations for horse rescue and all of them share the same goals and objectives. These organizations’ main goal and mission is to provide rescue, rehabilitation, foster care, and have a positive environment for those horses and equines that have either been abandoned, abused, unwanted, mistreated, neglected, tortured, retired, or are at risk of going to slaughter. Each non profit organization for horse rescue has its own history. Long ago, horses and equines were used for transportation. In 1950’s when motorized vehicles were becoming more practical and affordable, horses were replaced as means of transportation by these lower maintenance and faster vehicles. Because of this, many horses were abandoned and neglected and were being sent to slaughter. Thus in 1952, a non profit horse rescue organization called HorseWorld was established to take care of the many working horses whose jobs were taken away and replaced by the motorized vehicles (HorseWorld, 2008). Many wild horses or mustangs or more accurately termed as feral horses freely roam on public lands in several states of America like Arizona, California, Idaho, Nevada, and Wyoming. However, the numbers of mustangs were declining as time passes. Mustangs are horses whose ancestors were domestic horses that first arrived in America with Christopher Columbus on his voyage in 1493 (Lifesavers Inc. , 1997). Many of these domestic horses were freed or escaped from early explorers, native tribes, etc. to become free-roaming horses all across America. In order to protect and rescue these horses, the Wild Free-roaming Horse and Burro Act was passed by Congress in 1971 and many non profit horse rescue organizations have come out to protect, manage, and control wild free-roaming horses on public lands. One of these organizations is the Lifesavers Wild Horse Rescue. There are many other non profit organizations that protect and rescue not only horses but also dogs and cats from dangerous situations. The important thing is that these organizations give a chance for these animals to have a better life. This reflects how these animal rescue organizations give value to the rights of animals to safety and just treatment. The equine rescue also provides a better option rather than horse slaughter. The fact that most of the rescue facilities are privately owned and mainly rely on donations may pose a challenge the implementation regulations lay down. This means that horses should not just be sent to slaughter just because they have lost their usefulness. The termination of these horses may be termed as a better option instead of heaping the animals in a rescue facility. Problem Statement This study is designed to assess the need to provide an alternative to sending race horse to slaughter, if the horse can be rehabilitated and have a successful purpose in life. The study includes a survey to the population of, breeders, trainers, jockeys, and race track owners. The survey consists of both qualitative and quantitative questions. The primary objective of the survey is to determine the need for optional resources for the race horse that can still have a viable life outside if the racetrack. Horseracing and the slaughtering of horses are two key industry areas involving the use of horses and both private and public sector corporations have some amount of share in either industry area. As with any other animal group it is no surprise that there is a continuing debate on the ethics of both horseracing and horse slaughtering for consumption. These twin industry areas have been the targets of concerns raised on the ethic of slaughtering horses, particularly those that would have previously been used in the horseracing industry but which are no longer of further use to their owners for a variety of reasons. These horses may be diseased, injured or ill and have little prospect for future recovery. To ensure that they do not suffer a complete loss, owners of racehorses sell these unwanted horses to slaughterers. Some people are totally against the slaughtering of horses. In America and European countries, horsemeat is comparable to the meat of other large animals such as the buffalo, goat, sheep, pig and others. Since people throughout the United States and Europe desire to have horsemeat as a part of their diet then naturally, the slaughter industry too has its own place. Thus, while persons object to the slaughtering of horses, there are those who have little or no objection to the consumption of horsemeat. Similarly, there are objections to the use of horses for racing because of the reported cruel treatment of these animals and their injection with dangerous substances and steroids to enhance performance. This is a very sore issue in the horse industry. Even sorer is the slaughtering of these horses when they are no longer profitable in the horseracing industry. This debate is challenging the viability of the equine industry, putting industry shareholders in an uncomfortable position. Both the racehorse and the slaughtering industries are producing at their full capacities in the US and the rest of the world. Like any other business these industries whether private or public need to adopt sound business management strategies through appropriate training so as to be good in business and to provide the best service to buyers and consumers. The care and the right use of horses is also the matter of concern. The primary use of horses is for racing. However, one cannot avoid the fact that the slaughterhouse, rather than the racecourse, becomes the home for horses unfit for racing. Every year, the number of unfit horses increases thus the number of slaughterhouses also increases. Slaughter industries in the public and private sectors purchase the unwanted horses. Traditionally, the hunter-jumper market has acquired most former racehorses that have no signs of muscular-skeletal abnormalities, and some use previous standard-bred racehorses for driving carriages. Horses that obtain career-ending injuries are not useful anymore for the owners and fall into the category of unwanted horses. Figures produced by the U. S. department of agriculture reveal, however, that the majority of horses slaughtered (92. 3%) are quite healthy and not, in fact, neglected. An overwhelming majority of Americans and members of Congress oppose slaughtering horses for human consumption (HSUS, 2007). One of the options in dealing with these unwanted horses is for slaughtering and distribution for consumption. The precise number of horses that make up this category of unwanted is unknown. However, some research reveals that 100,000 horses fall to slaughterhouses each year in the USA. The real number of unwanted horses is much higher than that reported. Horses used on farms are costly to owners, specifically maintenance costs for food, wastage disposal and land use. The slaughter industry appears to be the most attractive option in dealing with these horses.